北京地区湿地高等植物区系分析   总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2  

李满良  张铁明  胡东  陈卫 《湿地科学》2006,4(3):219-226

根据工作需要,在北京4个水系的主要河流的平原地段和山区的上、中游地段,选取不同生境的典型样地,以及城区的人工湖泊共设立了35个采集点,采用样方法和样带法相结合,共调查样方355个,采集样本4 152个。在该调查资料的基础上,运用区系学原理对北京地区湿地高等植物区系的种类组成、地理成分(科、属、种3个层次)等进行了系统的分析。结果表明,北京地区湿地高等植物共有108科311属552种(含山区湿地),占北京植物总数的近1/3。其中苔藓植物(B ryohyto)有9科15属18种;蕨类植物(Pteridophgta)5科5属8种;裸子植物(Gymnosperm ae)3科5属6种;被子植物(Angiosperm ae)91科286属520种。种子植物中含20种以上的有5科,共210种;含5种以上的属有14个属,共114种。北京地区湿地植物的分布(即地理成分)较复杂。北京湿地种子植物属的分布区类型有15个类型,9个变型,温带地区类型占主导,温带成分较丰富(属数、种类、比例均占首位)。本区植物区系的主要特征为:①草本植物发达;②温带成分占优势地位;③区系起源古老;④特有属、种匮乏;⑤分布区类型具多样性。  相似文献   

Threshold velocity for wind erosion: the effects of porous fences   总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3  

Zhibao Dong  Guangqiang Qian  Wanyin Luo  Hongtao Wang 《Environmental Geology》2006,51(3):471-475

Porous fence is a kind of artificial windbreak that has many practical applications. The threshold wind velocities at different distances downwind from porous fences were measured and the corresponding characteristics of particle movement observed to assess their shelter effect. It is found that the fence’s porosity is the key factor that determines the resulting shelter effect. The area near a fence can be typically classified into five regions, each with a different mode of particle movement. Dense fences, and especially solid fences, favor the accumulation of sand upwind of the fences. Fences with porosities of 0.3–0.4 produce the maximum threshold wind velocity; those with porosities of 0.3–0.6 (depending on the fence height) provide the maximum effective shelter distance. It is confirmed that the fence porosities of 0.3–0.4 that have been proposed for practical application in previous research are the most effective for abating wind erosion.  相似文献   

气候变化对中国大雾的影响     

陈少勇  石圆圆  王丽萍  DONG Anxiang 《地理学报(英文版)》2006,16(4):430-438

1 Introduction The global environmental problem caused by climatic warming has attracted increasing attention of the scientific communities, the public and governments of various countries. The mean temperature of the recent decade is the highest of the p…  相似文献   

Control of dust emissions by geomorphic conditions, wind environments and land use in northern China: An examination based on dust storm frequency from 1960 to 2003   总被引：9，自引：1，他引：9  

Xunming Wang  Zijiang Zhou  Zhibao Dong 《Geomorphology》2006,81(3-4):292-308

The degree to which dust emissions are controlled by geomorphic conditions, wind environments and land use was investigated using the dust storm frequency (DSF) and data from more than 300 meteorological stations throughout northern China. Our analysis showed that most dust emissions originated in gobi deserts that developed in piedmont alluvial fans of the Kunlun, Qilian and Helan mountains. Dust emissions are low from other gobi desert regions, such as the northern Gurbantunggut and eastern Taklimakan, where high vegetation coverage restrained dust emissions or where dust-size particles are not abundant after a long period of strong wind erosion. Sandy deserts with relatively high vegetation coverage or an extensive cover by mobile sands are not a major dust source. Although the highest dust emissions did not appear in regions with the highest wind energy, DSF trends in each region from 1960 to 2003 were closely related to local wind activity. DSF was low in regions with high levels of human activity, where the mean DSF from 1960 to 2003 did not exceed 4 days/year; even from the 1960s to the early 1970s, the period with the greatest DSF, frequency did not exceed 8 days/year, which indicates that extensive land use did not contribute to DSF. The low DSF in these areas might result from the fact that although land use could produce abundant fine soil fractions, vegetation coverage and soil moisture remained higher than in the gobi deserts of arid China, thereby decreasing dust-storm occurrence.  相似文献   

Determining hypocentral parameters for local earthquakes in 1-D using a genetic algorithm   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Woohan Kim  In-Kyeong Hahm  Sung Jin Ahn  Dong Hoon Lim 《Geophysical Journal International》2006,166(2):590-600

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吉林伊通盆地莫里青断陷古近系双阳组储集层成岩作用研究   总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9       下载免费PDF全文

何玉平  刘招君  董清水  郭璇  张艳  窦磊 《古地理学报》2006,8(1):75-82

古近系双阳组是在吉林省伊通盆地莫里青断陷中，油气赋存的主要层位,储层主要为湖底扇和扇三角洲的砂体。依据双阳组储层的大量薄片、扫描电镜、粘土矿物分析的资料研究了该储集层的成岩作用。研究结果表明双阳组储集层：成岩作用经历了压实、压溶、胶结、交代和溶解6方面的作用。双储集层中的自生粘土矿物蒙皂石向伊利石转化具有明显的特征：主要演化过程经历了蒙皂石渐变带，第一迅速转化带和第二迅速转化带，相应的成岩作用阶段可划分为早成岩阶段B期、晚成岩阶段A1期和晚成岩阶段A2期。依据在垂向上的成岩变化,建立了莫里青断陷双阳组储集层的成岩作用演化序列。在垂向上成岩作用的类型和强度均存在明显的差异，造成了储层物性的垂向分带。  相似文献   

秦皇岛市矿产开发引发的地质环境问题及对策   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

任志军 《化工矿产地质》2006,28(2):94-100

秦皇岛市矿产资源丰富,矿业已成为秦皇岛市特别是地方经济的支柱之一。伴随着矿业的发展,在矿产开发过程中引发的地质环境问题日益突出,如采空区地表变形(地面塌陷、地裂缝等)、岩溶塌陷、露天采矿边坡失稳、尾矿引发的泥石流、水土流失以及地貌景观的破坏等。这些地质环境问题主要分布在北部的山区和丘陵台地区。形成的原因复杂,主要有法制不健全、缺乏强制恢复机制、布局不合理、监管不到位、开采技术落后、不合理开采、资金缺乏以及从业者环保意识淡薄等方面的原因。对于矿山地质环境的保护,应采取加强立法、建立保证金制度、统一规划、加强监管、加大宣传力度以及建立责任追究制度等措施。  相似文献   

Construction techniques for the Taklamakan Desert Highway: research on the construction materials and the results of field tests   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

Changning Jin  Zhibao Dong  Zhinong Li 《Environmental Geology》2006,49(6):915-922

After conducting many laboratory and field experiments, several key technical issues related to the construction of China’s Taklamakan Desert Highway have been satisfactorily resolved. In particular, considerable progress has been made on the dry compaction of a sand sub-base, road design parameters, the creation of a structure that combines a sub-grade and asphalt pavement, analysis of the stability of a sand sub-base strengthened with geotextiles, and on the development of a complete set of construction techniques. The achievements of this research were successfully applied for the first time in the Taklamakan Desert, where the environmental conditions are extremely harsh. The results suggest that the construction of this highway was economical and that the simple construction methods produced a reliable highway. The resulting highway is believed to be the world’s first long-distance graded highway running through a huge desert with migrating dunes.  相似文献   

北京市地下水动态监测示范工程的建设和应用     

杨忠山  薛伟  周东 《地下水》2005,27(5):384-387

北京市地下水动态监测示范工程是北京市科委的重大项目,从1999年开始建设,到2004年4月全面完成.本文详细介绍了该项目的建设及开发内容,以及在北京市地下水动态监测工作中的应用情况.  相似文献   

襄樊汉江四桥大口径灌注桩成孔施工实践     

李宏伟  侯杰董军 《中国煤田地质》2005,17(2):35-36,42

介绍了使用泥浆护壁气举反循环回转钻进工艺进行襄樊汉江四桥大口径嵌岩桩的施工实践。施工中采用下置双护简隔离卵石层，合理选用钻头类型(卵砾石层采用五翼合金刮刀钻头，基岩采用球齿滚刀钻头)和钻进参数(混合器沉没深度，尾管长度，孔内空气流量与压力)，摸索与总结出一套复杂地层成孔施工经验。  相似文献